Manchester Scientists Develop Tool to Design Safer Satellite Missions and Reduce Space Debris

Amid the rapid growth of satellites in Earth orbit, the risk of collisions and space debris is becoming increasingly serious. Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed a new modeling tool that helps engineers assess risks in advance and design safer satellite missions.

The system combines mission performance requirements — such as the number of satellites, orbital altitude, and data resolution — with collision risk assessments under various orbital conditions. This integrated approach allows mission planners to evaluate trade-offs between performance and long-term orbital safety.

Satellite size significantly impacts risk levels. Larger satellites in higher orbits require fewer units for coverage but carry higher individual collision risks. Lower orbits require more satellites, but each poses a smaller environmental threat.

The tool aims to solve what researchers call the “space sustainability paradox,” where using satellites to solve Earth’s environmental challenges may undermine the long-term sustainability of space.